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Chronic progressive liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, eventually cause portal hypertension & hepatic coma, and among the cause of death from UGI bleeding variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension is the most common, over 50%. Clinical management for variceal bleeding includes IV vasopressin injection, insertion of Balloon tamponade administration of somatosatin or propranolol, and shunt operation, but the effect has not been promising.
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